NASA's Aviris-5 Sensor Maps Hidden Lithium Deposits in the Western U.S.

NASA’s latest airborne sensor, Aviris-5, has completed a major survey of the western United States. The high-precision device mapped potential lithium deposits across Nevada and California as part of the Geological Earth Mapping Experiment (GEMx). Developed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), it marks the fifth generation of a technology first used in 1986. Aviris-5 is an advanced imaging spectrometer designed to scan Earth’s surface from NASA’s ER-2 research aircraft. Mounted in the plane’s nose, it detects minerals by analysing their unique light reflection patterns and spectral signatures. Unlike earlier versions, this model offers far sharper resolution, identifying features as small as 30 centimetres to 10 metres across.

The sensor’s key capability is spotting hectorite, a lithium-rich clay that often signals deeper lithium deposits below ground. In 2025 alone, it logged over 200 flight hours during the GEMx project, creating detailed geological maps of the region. Previous generations of Aviris have been used for a range of environmental studies. These include tracking volcanic eruptions, assessing diseased crops, and monitoring wildfires. The latest version builds on this legacy with improved precision for mineral detection.

The GEMx survey provides detailed data on critical mineral resources in the western US. Aviris-5’s ability to pinpoint lithium-rich areas could support future mining and energy projects. NASA’s ongoing development of the sensor continues to expand its applications in Earth science.