Nature's Hidden Code: 100 Tessellated Patterns Discovered in Plants and Animals

Scientists have uncovered a hidden pattern in nature: tessellated designs appear far more often than previously thought. A new study by Jana Ciecierska-Holmes and her team reveals that these tile-like structures exist in 92 different animal and plant species, serving vital functions from protection to gas exchange.

The research team compiled 100 examples of biological tessellations, ranging from microscopic scales to structures several centimetres wide. Among them are fish scales, honeycombs, and the spiralled chambers of nautilus shells. Each pattern was categorised by type—solid, inverted, or foam-like—alongside other key variables.

Every tessellated design plays a distinct role. Some provide stability or defence, while others enhance light reflection, water movement, or interactions with the environment. The findings suggest these repeating shapes form a fundamental but overlooked feature of natural architecture. To make the data accessible, the researchers published their collection on a public website. They hope it will serve as both a scientific resource and a foundation for bio-inspired innovations in materials and product design. Yet many questions linger. Scientists still don't know why certain tile shapes dominate in specific species or why regular patterns outnumber irregular ones in nature.

The study marks the first systematic classification of tessellated patterns in biology. With 100 documented examples, the database offers a starting point for deeper research and practical applications. The team's work highlights how often nature relies on these intricate, interlocking designs.