New DNA Vaccine Targets TB's Drug-Tolerant Bacteria in Breakthrough Study

A new DNA vaccine for tuberculosis (TB) has been developed by researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine and the Bloomberg School of Public Health. The intranasal treatment targets drug-tolerant bacteria that cause disease relapse and resistance. Early tests suggest it could strengthen the fight against one of the world's deadliest infections. The vaccine works by combining two genes, relMtb and Mip3α, into a single genetic fusion. This approach primes the immune system to attack TB bacteria, including stubborn 'persister' cells that survive standard drug treatment. These persisters often lead to relapses and contribute to drug resistance.

Preclinical trials in mice showed promising results. When given alongside first-line TB medications, the vaccine sped up bacterial clearance and stopped the disease from returning. Its intranasal delivery method also triggers immune defences directly in the lungs, where TB infections usually take hold. The project involved a multidisciplinary team, including specialists in molecular biology, immunology, infectious diseases, and pharmacology. Some researchers are named as inventors on a related patent for the *Mip3α/relMtb* vaccine. Funding came from the National Institutes of Health and awards from Johns Hopkins University. Notably, the vaccine demonstrated synergy with existing drug regimens. This could enhance treatment for drug-resistant TB strains, which remain a major global health challenge.

The new DNA vaccine offers a potential breakthrough in TB prevention and treatment. By targeting persister bacteria and boosting drug effectiveness, it may help reduce relapse rates and combat resistance. Further studies will determine its safety and efficacy in humans.