U.S. Space Force races to counter new threats with hybrid defence systems

The U.S. Space Force is accelerating its push for faster, more resilient space defence systems. Industry leaders and military officials gathered recently to discuss the challenges posed by emerging threats and the need for hybrid architectures. Their focus is clear: speed, adaptability, and stronger partnerships with commercial providers.

The shift comes as the Space Force marks six years since its creation, evolving into a combat-ready branch with a sharper focus on agile procurement and next-generation technology. Lt. Gen. Douglas A. Schiess, deputy chief of space operations, warned about growing dangers from hypersonic weapons and direct-ascent anti-satellite missiles. These threats demand a more flexible defence strategy, including multi-functional satellite orbits and larger constellations. A robust space data network is also critical for transmitting threat information quickly.

Gen. B. Chance Saltzman, the Space Force's top officer, called for a commercial space strategy built on hybrid designs. By blending military and commercial capabilities, the force aims to boost speed and resilience. This approach aligns with recent Pentagon reforms, which prioritise agile procurement to keep pace with rapid technological changes.

Industry experts echoed these concerns. Robert Lightfoot of Lockheed Martin Space compared China's space advancements to a 'Sputnik moment' for the U.S., urging faster updates through open system architectures. Rick Freeman, president of Amazon Leo for Government, stressed that future warfare will depend on systems resilient enough to withstand communication disruptions. Dr. Jes Kalmanson of Peraton added that resilience must be a core design principle, allowing systems to adapt dynamically when failures occur.

Collaboration with private companies has already expanded. In September 2024, the Space Force selected four contractors to develop next-generation GPS satellite concepts, improving positioning and navigation capabilities. Earlier in April, the Pentagon ordered a military surveillance satellite from SAIC, integrated with Gomspace technology. These moves follow broader trends, such as SpaceX's January 2024 launch of 21 satellites and ongoing work on reusable rocket technology to cut costs.

Jeff McCall of Raytheon highlighted the role of commercial solutions in missile defence, particularly for data transmission. The integration of private-sector innovation is seen as essential for maintaining U.S. dominance in space. The Space Force's strategy now centres on speed, resilience, and deeper ties with commercial partners. Recent contracts and technological advancements reflect this shift, aiming to counter emerging threats while keeping costs manageable. The next phase will test whether these hybrid systems can deliver the agility and reliability needed for modern space warfare.